1[SV(O_１)O_２/SVO_２ (to O_１)]〈人が〉(O_１〈人〉に) O_２〈物・金〉を(無償で)与える, あげる, やる, 贈る, 寄付する《◆offer, present, contribute などより口語的》‖〜 a present プレゼントをする/〜 money generously to the poor 貧しい人々にお金を気前よく恵む《◆money を省いて give generously to the poor ともいえる； →｜自｜ 1》/〜 a daughter in marriage (to that man)(あの男のところに)娘を嫁にやる/I gave him the bok. ＝I gave the book to hm. 彼に本をやった[渡した( →2)].

[語法] (1)最後の例では, 両者とも意味は同じだが, 前者は彼に「何を」与えたか, 後者は本を「だれに」与えたかに焦点を置いた言い方. (2)O_１, O_２が共に代名詞の場合, I gave it to him. が最も普通. I gave it him. や I gave him it. は認める人もいるが, 普通ではない. なお, I gave him that [this, one]. は可. ^×I gave one to him. は不可《◆ただし, 「1つ与えた」の意では可》. (3)O_１ が名詞, O_２ が代名詞の場合は通例 SVO_２ to O_１ のみ可：^×He gave his father it. (4)O_１ は to なしで wh 疑問の要素とはならない：^×Who(m) did you 〜 the book? / Who(m) did you 〜 the book to? / ((文)) To whom did you 〜 the book? (5)He gave me the book. の受身形には次の3つがある： I was given the bok. 《◆「何を」与えられたかに焦点》/((ややまれ)) The book was given m. 《◆「だれに」与えられたかに焦点》/The book was given to m. 《◆「だれに」与えられたかに焦点》. II[(無償で)渡す, 預ける(所有権は移動しない)]